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| Sunday, September 05, 2010
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DynaMax Options
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DynaMax Suite
Optional Features Overview
DynaMax has many features in the base software that suit the needs of most users. However, if you have needs for more advanced analysis, take a look at some of the other ways in which DynaMax can help you use your data:
- Integral, 2nd integral analysis (Catalog # DM-INT)
The integrals of an Acceleration waveform let you calculate velocity change and displacement. This is a handy feature when analyzing impacts. This module enables you to graph a calculated waveform and measure using the graphical analysis tools such as Cursor view or Multiwave view. You can also create a whole set of tabular functions for statistical analysis.
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Figure 1:
1st integral of acceleration = Velocity.
This is a calculation of velocity based on the input of three different recorders. One recorder was mounted in the bullet vehicle (The blue line), the second was in the target vehicle (The brown line) and the third was in a crash test dummy (the red line). The crash was RADAR verified at 9 MPH. DynaMax calculated an 8.8 MPH change in velocity in this instance. The blue line stays flat at approximately -8.5 MPH because the vehicle has stopped moving. |
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- Derivative (known as "jerk") (Catalog # DM-Deriv)
The derivative of acceleration is known as the "jerk". Jerk lends insight into how fast the level of acceleration changes.
- Power Spectral Density analysis (Catalog # DM-PSD)
Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis enables you to view vibration data in the frequency domain. By utilizing either a Fast-Fourier-Transform(FFT) OR a Discrete-Fourier-Transform (DFT) to process the data, you can determine the percentage of vibration energy that falls within a given frequency band. DynaMax offers you many PSD analysis aids, such as windowing functions like the Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Rectangular, and others. PSD profiles for each event can be plotted on top of one another to graphically show the spread of energy from one event to another. These PSD profiles can also be averaged together and exported to an ASCII file for replay on a vibration table.
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Figure 2:
Power Spectral Density, Averaged
for Export.
This is the result of over 350 random samplings of vibration on the seat of a riding lawnmower. These PSD events have been averaged for export. DynaMax can export this profile into a CSV file for use with most conventional shaker controllers such as DataPhysics, Unholz Dicke, Vibration Research, and more.
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- Probability Density views with Gaussian correlation (Catalog # DM-PDF)
The Probability Density Function is quite useful in describing the "normality" of a data set. Since a PSD profile is a statistical function, the accuracy of the PSD is dependent on the data set being "non-deterministic". Non-deterministic data will generally show high correlation with a Gaussian bell curve, and the PDF view provides you the tools required to easily make this calculation.
|
Figure 3:
Probability Density Function
(Un-normalized)
The PDF is more than a histogram: It is a description of the event. It describes the probability that at any instant in time, the percent probability of measuring an acceleration that falls within a given band. If the data is "normal", the percentage should fall into the shape of a bell curve, with near-zero acceleration measurements having a greater probability than near-peak measurements.
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- Transmissibility (Catalog # DM-Trans)
Transmissibility is the study of how vibration is "transmitted" through a structure. By placing two accelerometers on either end of a sping-mass system, you can measure the response of the system. This license works in tandem with the PSD license to bring you this advanced capability of measurement. This module works between channels in a single channel set, but will soon have to capability to compare vibration measurements between two different recorders! This brings up the possibility of some very easy instrumentation jobs that yield an incredible new insight into your environment.
- Shock Response Spectrum (Catalog # DM-SRS)
The Shock Response Spectrum constructs a digital array of virtual "spring-mass" systems, then lets you apply your field data as an input to this array. Each "spring-mass" element will react differently to the input signal, with a different response frequency and a different level of displacement. If you plot the various levels of displacements against the response frequencies, you get what is called a Shock Response Sprectrum (SRS). SRS is an excellent way to find out how your measured environment will affect a proposed system. If your proposed system (be it a solid rocket engine, satellite, or photolithography machine), has a critical resonance frequency, the SRS will point out the damage potential of the measured environment at that frequency.
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Shock Response Spectrum
This SRS was subjected to the impact data from a 9 MPH crash test. Note the peak at 140 Hz: Systems with a natural frequency of 140 Hz are more prone to damage from this impulse than systems with either a higher or lower natural frequency.
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- Drop Height analysis via Package Animator (Catalog # DM-Drop)
Package Animator helps you develop drop tests by providing you analysis of each drop. A drop is defined as having a period of "free-fall" where acceleration goes to -1g, indicating a free-fall. If package animator finds such an initiator, followed by an impact, information such as drop height, orientation, and energy absorption can be calculated. If an accurate model of the package energy-absorbing characteristics ("e-factor") is provided, equivilant drop heights can
be calculated from simple impacts.
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Package Animator
This is an illustration of the graphical component of the view. In reality, Package animator provides more than just a nice picture. Detailed tabular data shows you how DynaMax calculated the event, along with information such as direction changes, Change in velocity, initial direction of gravity, direction of the impact, and the calculated coefficient of restitution for the impact. Just about everything you ever wanted to know about your drop test. |
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- Package Profiler (Catalog # DM-Ppro)
How do you model a package's ability to protect a product from damage? Until now, you guessed. There's no other way to put it. Most packages are very complex in how they absorb energy. It is totally dependent on where the impact is applied. Top, bottom, side, front edge, bottom-right corner, they all react differently. Until now, if you wished to scientifically model a package, you had to "guess" at the coefficient of restitution(known also as "e"-factor). Typically, you had to suffice with one "e"-factor. If you got fancy, you might have six different "e"-factors. Unfortunately, the "e" factor is CRITICAL to accurately translating a field impact into a laboratory-based drop test. Now, when used in conjunction with the package animator, you can let DynaMax calculate an three-dimensional "e" factor profile for your package! One "e" factor? No way. You can now have an entire surface of "e" factors! This profile will have you covered no matter what the orientation or direction of impact. You can even project the profile onto a CAD rendering of your product to graphically see where the packaging might be deficient in energy absorption.
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Package Profiler
This is a completely new application for portable impact recorders, and it opens up whole new ways of testing your product. Most drop testing makes assumptions about how a package absorbs energy in any given direction, then applies the assumptions to the drop data. DynaMax Package Profiler doesn't make those assumptions: Instead, it uses the drop data to actually calculate the energy absorption for your package. A series of controlled drops is then used calculated a three-dimensional image of the coefficient of restitution. This "profile" can then be applied to a CAD rendering of the product to analyze the efficiency of the package design.
|
|
DynaMax Suite
Optional Features Overview
DynaMax has many features in the base software that suit the needs of most users. However, if you have needs for more advanced analysis, take a look at some of the other ways in which DynaMax can help you use your data:
- Integral, 2nd integral analysis (Catalog # DM-INT)
The integrals of an Acceleration waveform let you calculate velocity change and displacement. This is a handy feature when analyzing impacts. This module enables you to graph a calculated waveform and measure using the graphical analysis tools such as Cursor view or Multiwave view. You can also create a whole set of tabular functions for statistical analysis.
|
Figure 1:
1st integral of acceleration = Velocity.
This is a calculation of velocity based on the input of three different recorders. One recorder was mounted in the bullet vehicle (The blue line), the second was in the target vehicle (The brown line) and the third was in a crash test dummy (the red line). The crash was RADAR verified at 9 MPH. DynaMax calculated an 8.8 MPH change in velocity in this instance. The blue line stays flat at approximately -8.5 MPH because the vehicle has stopped moving. |
|
- Derivative (known as "jerk") (Catalog # DM-Deriv)
The derivative of acceleration is known as the "jerk". Jerk lends insight into how fast the level of acceleration changes.
- Power Spectral Density analysis (Catalog # DM-PSD)
Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis enables you to view vibration data in the frequency domain. By utilizing either a Fast-Fourier-Transform(FFT) OR a Discrete-Fourier-Transform (DFT) to process the data, you can determine the percentage of vibration energy that falls within a given frequency band. DynaMax offers you many PSD analysis aids, such as windowing functions like the Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Rectangular, and others. PSD profiles for each event can be plotted on top of one another to graphically show the spread of energy from one event to another. These PSD profiles can also be averaged together and exported to an ASCII file for replay on a vibration table.
|
Figure 2:
Power Spectral Density, Averaged
for Export.
This is the result of over 350 random samplings of vibration on the seat of a riding lawnmower. These PSD events have been averaged for export. DynaMax can export this profile into a CSV file for use with most conventional shaker controllers such as DataPhysics, Unholz Dicke, Vibration Research, and more.
|
|
- Probability Density views with Gaussian correlation (Catalog # DM-PDF)
The Probability Density Function is quite useful in describing the "normality" of a data set. Since a PSD profile is a statistical function, the accuracy of the PSD is dependent on the data set being "non-deterministic". Non-deterministic data will generally show high correlation with a Gaussian bell curve, and the PDF view provides you the tools required to easily make this calculation.
|
Figure 3:
Probability Density Function
(Un-normalized)
The PDF is more than a histogram: It is a description of the event. It describes the probability that at any instant in time, the percent probability of measuring an acceleration that falls within a given band. If the data is "normal", the percentage should fall into the shape of a bell curve, with near-zero acceleration measurements having a greater probability than near-peak measurements.
|
|
- Transmissibility (Catalog # DM-Trans)
Transmissibility is the study of how vibration is "transmitted" through a structure. By placing two accelerometers on either end of a sping-mass system, you can measure the response of the system. This license works in tandem with the PSD license to bring you this advanced capability of measurement. This module works between channels in a single channel set, but will soon have to capability to compare vibration measurements between two different recorders! This brings up the possibility of some very easy instrumentation jobs that yield an incredible new insight into your environment.
- Shock Response Spectrum (Catalog # DM-SRS)
The Shock Response Spectrum constructs a digital array of virtual "spring-mass" systems, then lets you apply your field data as an input to this array. Each "spring-mass" element will react differently to the input signal, with a different response frequency and a different level of displacement. If you plot the various levels of displacements against the response frequencies, you get what is called a Shock Response Sprectrum (SRS). SRS is an excellent way to find out how your measured environment will affect a proposed system. If your proposed system (be it a solid rocket engine, satellite, or photolithography machine), has a critical resonance frequency, the SRS will point out the damage potential of the measured environment at that frequency.
|
Shock Response Spectrum
This SRS was subjected to the impact data from a 9 MPH crash test. Note the peak at 140 Hz: Systems with a natural frequency of 140 Hz are more prone to damage from this impulse than systems with either a higher or lower natural frequency.
|
|
- Drop Height analysis via Package Animator (Catalog # DM-Drop)
Package Animator helps you develop drop tests by providing you analysis of each drop. A drop is defined as having a period of "free-fall" where acceleration goes to -1g, indicating a free-fall. If package animator finds such an initiator, followed by an impact, information such as drop height, orientation, and energy absorption can be calculated. If an accurate model of the package energy-absorbing characteristics ("e-factor") is provided, equivilant drop heights can
be calculated from simple impacts.
|
Package Animator
This is an illustration of the graphical component of the view. In reality, Package animator provides more than just a nice picture. Detailed tabular data shows you how DynaMax calculated the event, along with information such as direction changes, Change in velocity, initial direction of gravity, direction of the impact, and the calculated coefficient of restitution for the impact. Just about everything you ever wanted to know about your drop test. |
|
|
- Package Profiler (Catalog # DM-Ppro)
How do you model a package's ability to protect a product from damage? Until now, you guessed. There's no other way to put it. Most packages are very complex in how they absorb energy. It is totally dependent on where the impact is applied. Top, bottom, side, front edge, bottom-right corner, they all react differently. Until now, if you wished to scientifically model a package, you had to "guess" at the coefficient of restitution(known also as "e"-factor). Typically, you had to suffice with one "e"-factor. If you got fancy, you might have six different "e"-factors. Unfortunately, the "e" factor is CRITICAL to accurately translating a field impact into a laboratory-based drop test. Now, when used in conjunction with the package animator, you can let DynaMax calculate an three-dimensional "e" factor profile for your package! One "e" factor? No way. You can now have an entire surface of "e" factors! This profile will have you covered no matter what the orientation or direction of impact. You can even project the profile onto a CAD rendering of your product to graphically see where the packaging might be deficient in energy absorption.
|
Package Profiler
This is a completely new application for portable impact recorders, and it opens up whole new ways of testing your product. Most drop testing makes assumptions about how a package absorbs energy in any given direction, then applies the assumptions to the drop data. DynaMax Package Profiler doesn't make those assumptions: Instead, it uses the drop data to actually calculate the energy absorption for your package. A series of controlled drops is then used calculated a three-dimensional image of the coefficient of restitution. This "profile" can then be applied to a CAD rendering of the product to analyze the efficiency of the package design.
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